中文
Ship-to-ship (STS) transshipment operations are the transfer of cargo between ocean-going vessels positioned alongside each other, either stationary or underway, but it requires appropriate coordination, equipment and approvals to perform such operations. Cargoes commonly transferred by operators via the STS method include crude oil, liquefied gas (LPG or LNG), bulk cargoes and petroleum products.
STS operations can be especially useful when dealing with very large vessels, such as VLCCs and ULCCs, which could face draught restrictions at some ports. They can also be economical compared to berthing at a jetty since both the berthing and mooring times are reduced, thus affecting the cost. Additional benefits include avoiding port congestion, since the vessel will not enter the port.
The maritime sector has developed stringent guidelines and protocols to ensure the safety of STS operations. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) and various national authorities provide comprehensive regulations that must be adhered to during these transfers. These guidelines encompass everything from equipment standards and crew training to weather conditions and environmental protection.
Following are the requirements for conducting Ship to Ship transfer operation:
● Adequate training of oil tanker’s staff carrying out the operation
● Proper STS equipment to be present on both the vessels and they should be in good condition
● Pre-planning of the operation with notifying the amount and type of cargo involved
● Proper attention to the difference in freeboard and listing of both vessels while transferring oil
● Taking permission from the relevant port state authority
● Properties of Cargo involved to be known with available MSDS and UN number
● A proper communication and communication channel to be set up between the ships
● Dangers associated with the cargo like VOC emission, chemical reaction etc to be briefed to the entire crew involved in transfer
● Fire fighting and oil spill equipment to be present and crew to be well trained to use them in emergency
In summary, STS operations have economic benefits and environmental advantages for cargo transshipment, but international regulations and guidelines must be strictly followed to ensure safety and compliance. In the future, with technological advancement and the implementation of strict standards, STS transfer can continue to provide reliable support for global trade and energy supply.
Date: 21 Feb 2024