ʻOihana ʻaila a me ka ʻaila

ʻO ka ʻaila he wahie wai i hui pū ʻia me nā hydrocarbons like ʻole. Kanu mau ia i loko o nā papa pōhaku ma lalo o ka lepo a pono e loaʻa ma o ka ʻeli ʻana a i ʻole ka ʻeli ʻana. ʻO ke kinoea kūlohelohe ka nui o ka methane, aia ka nui ma nā māla aila a me nā māla kinoea maoli. He wahi liʻiliʻi hoʻi mai nā hili lanahu. Pono e loaʻa ke kinoea kūlohelohe ma o ka ʻeli ʻana a i ʻole ka ʻeli ʻana.

 

ʻO nā kumu waiwai ʻaila a me nā kinoea waho kekahi o nā kumu nui o ka ikehu o ka honua, a he mea koʻikoʻi kā lākou ʻili ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu honua. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻoihana ikehu i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana nui: upstream, midstream and downstream

Iuka ʻO ia ka loulou hoʻomaka o ke kaulahao hoʻolako holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻimi, ka ʻili a me ka hana ʻana o ka aila a me ke kinoea. I kēia manawa, pono nā waiwai aila a me ke kinoea i nā hana ʻimi e ʻike ai i nā mālama ʻāina a me ka hiki ke hoʻomohala. Ke ʻike ʻia kahi kumuwaiwai, ʻo ka hana aʻe ke kaʻina hana o ka unuhi a me ka hana ʻana. Hoʻopili kēia i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ka wai hoʻoheheʻe wai, ka hoʻopiʻi kinoea a me nā hana ʻē aʻe e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hana pono o nā kumuwaiwai.

 

Midstream ʻo ia ka ʻāpana ʻelua o ke kaulahao ʻoihana aila a me ke kinoea, ʻo ia hoʻi me ka lawe ʻana, mālama a me ka hana ʻana. I kēia manawa, pono e lawe ʻia ka aila a me ke kinoea mai kahi i hana ʻia ai i kahi i hana ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia. Aia nā ʻano kaʻa like ʻole, me ka lawe ʻana i ka pipeline, ka lawe ʻana i ke kaʻaahi, ka hoʻouna ʻana, etc.

 

Malalo ʻo ia ka hapakolu o ka ʻoihana aila a me ke kinoea kaulahao, ka mea nui me ka hoʻoili ʻana, ka hāʻawi ʻana a me ke kūʻai aku. I kēia manawa, pono e hana ʻia a hana ʻia i loko o nā ʻano like ʻole, E komo i ka ʻaila kūlohelohe, ka aila diesel, ka petrol, ka ʻaila, nā lubricants, kerosene, jet fuel, asphalt, heat oil, LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) a me kekahi mau ʻano petrochemical. E kūʻai ʻia kēia mau huahana i nā ʻāina like ʻole no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nohona o kēlā me kēia lā a me ka hana ʻoihana.

 

Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻolako i nā huahana hose ʻenehana wai wai o waho, CDSRnā paipu ʻaila lana, nā paipu ʻaila submarine, nā hoses ʻaila catenarya hiki i nā hose hoʻokuʻu wai kai a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe ke kākoʻo koʻikoʻi no nā papahana hoʻomohala ʻaila a me ke kinoea. E hoʻomau ka CDSR i ka noiʻi ʻenehana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hana hou ʻana o nā huahana, e hāʻawi ana i nā mea kūʻai aku me ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a ʻoi aku ka hilinaʻi o ka lawe ʻana i ka wai, a me ke kōkua ʻana i ka hoʻomohala mau ʻana o ka ʻoihana ʻaila a me ka ʻenehana.